Cancer
Cancer is a family of more than 100 conditions in which cells grow out of control. Malignant tumors can invade nearby tissue and spread (metastasize) to distant parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Survival rates have improved dramatically over the past three decades due to earlier detection and better treatments.
Symptoms
Unexplained weight loss, unusual lump or swelling, persistent fatigue, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unexplained bleeding or bruising, chronic cough or hoarseness, skin changes or new moles, difficulty swallowing. Many early-stage cancers produce no symptoms — which is why routine screening is critical.
Treatments
Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and precision medicine (matching treatment to a tumor's genetic profile). Palliative care focused on comfort and quality of life is integrated at every stage alongside active treatment.
Risk Factors
Genetic mutations and family history (BRCA1/BRCA2), tobacco use (~30% of all cancer deaths), UV and radiation exposure, obesity and physical inactivity, diet high in processed meats, infections (HPV, H. pylori, hepatitis B/C), and excessive alcohol use.
Prevalence
Over 2 million new cancer diagnoses occur in the US each year. There are 18 million+ cancer survivors in the US. The 5-year survival rate across all cancers combined is 67%. Roughly 40% of cases are considered preventable.
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